Dementia is a brain disorder that affects memory, thinking and cognitive functioning. It is the seventh leading cause of death in older people and affects more than 57 million people worldwide. In recent years, research on this topic has expanded, meaning you may have seen more recommendations (such as healthy eating and exercising) that promote a healthy lifestyle. While maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important, it is not the only factor contributing to your risk of dementia.

Dementia develops in the brain, but researchers are increasingly making a connection between oral health and brain health. Studies suggest a link between oral health—specifically gum disease—and the risk for cognitive disorders such as dementia, with the most common type being Alzheimer’s disease. 

One recent study found that people with gum disease (called periodontitis), especially those 65 and older, are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Oral bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, which causes inflammation and gum disease, has been found to contribute to the progression of dementia.

You may wonder how harmful bacteria grow in our mouths in the first place.

The most basic answer is oral hygiene. Our mouths are home to many bacteria. Over time, less than stellar oral hygiene can lead to plaque buildup (a sticky film on the teeth). Dental plaque can significantly increase the risk of bacteria entering your brain through your bloodstream. Once in your brain, the bacteria from your mouth can cause amyloid plaque to form. This substance is found in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease and affects critical brain regions involved with memory.

Other factors can contribute to dementia, such as smoking, genetics, diet and environment. While you can’t change your genetics, living a healthy lifestyle and scheduling routine medical and dental care appointments can help reduce your risk of both gum disease and dementia.